By Steven Cordetti
World War II hero John Basilone's life would have made perfect
movie material in the 1940s. John Garfield would have been the ideal
choice to play the role, and Warner Bros. the likely studio, considering
its reputation at the time for gritty war stories and hard-boiled
melodramas. Sadly, to date, no one in Hollywood has embraced the
Basilone story, even in today's world thirsting for heroes.
Despite his remarkable military achievements, Gunnery Sergeant
John Basilone is known to relatively few people today besides military
buffs and thousands of Italian Americans who wrote letters, signed
petitions and lobbied the U.S. Postal Service for a Basilone stamp
that was released in November 2005. He was the only enlisted Marine
in WWII to receive the Navy Cross, the Congressional Medal of Honor,
and the Purple Heart in addition to several other citations.
John Basilone was born November 4, 1916, in Buffalo, NY, and raised
with nine siblings in Raritan, NJ. He was an undefeated 19-0 light-heavyweight
boxer in New Jersey. His father Salvatore was an immigrant tailor
from Benevento, near Napoli, and John's mother Dora was from Raritan.
Her parents were also from Napoli.
Soon after high school, Basilone joined the Army and served in
the Philippine Islands before enlisting in the Marine Corps in 1940.
In between the military assignments, he worked as a truck driver
in Maryland. During 1940-42, while rising in rank to Corporal and
Sergeant, he served in the eastern USA, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and
the Solomon Islands.
The Marines sent Sgt. Basilone to the Pacific island of Guadalcanal
to participate in the ongoing campaign to hold back the Japanese
attempts to capture Henderson airfield. Bloodied and humiliated
by the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, American armed forces were
on the comeback trail. The Marines were determined to keep their
small foothold of Henderson, and the Japanese were equally determined
to drive them into the sea. The campaign lasted six months, climaxing
in a bloody battle October 25, 1942.
Sgt. Basilone was in charge of two sections of heavy machine guns
defending a narrow pass to the airfield. He constantly reloaded
guns and ran for more ammo in almost total darkness while reassuring
his terrified men. There were surprisingly few American casualties
in a non-stop, three-day battle, and Basilone was largely credited
with helping push the Japanese back. This effort helped turn the
tide of the Pacific war for America by denying the enemy the critical
Henderson airfield. Basilone earned the admiration of General Douglas
MacArthur, who called Basilone "
a one-man army."
When the battle was over and his squad members interviewed, Sgt.
Basilone was credited by the men for his will to fight and ability
to inspire them. Upon receiving the nation's highest decoration,
John Basilone replied modestly, "Only part of this medal belongs
to me. Pieces of it belong to the boys who are still on Guadalcanal.
It was rough as hell down there." He believed this so strongly
that he turned down the opportunity to have President Franklin Roosevelt
bestow the Medal of Honor, opting instead to have the ceremony in
the field with his unit.
With his hero's status and movie-star good looks, Basilone soon
became the U.S. government's war-bonds celebrity stateside, featured
in parades, newsreels and print. His picture made the cover of Life
magazine. He appeared with Hollywood starlets at rallies where they
helped raise more than a million dollars in war-bond pledges.
Basilone blushed when photographers snapped his picture while
being kissed by the starlets. He even turned down the bars of a
second lieutenant. "I'm a plain soldier," he said, "and
I want to stay one." But fame wasn't this young man's dream.
Basilone left the limelight for Camp Pendleton, CA, where he later
met and married fellow Marine Sgt. Lena Riggi in 1944. The Marine
Corps offered to make him an officer and let him spend the rest
of the war in Washington, DC. His response: "I ain't no officer,
and I ain't no museum piece. I belong back with my outfit."
He requested to be sent back to combat, so the Marine Corps dispatched
him again to the Pacific.
Basilone was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross and Purple Heart
for courageously leading troops February 19, 1945, during the invasion
of Iwo Jima. While he and his platoon were pinned down by enemy
gunfire, he single-handedly took out an enemy blockhouse with grenades
and demolitions, then guided a tank through a minefield while under
continuous fire. Unfortunately, Basilone's shining moment was short-lived
when he and four others in his platoon died in an artillery blast
minutes later.
Sgt. Basilone was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, and a
life-size bronze statue depicting him in battle, cradling a machine
gun, was erected in Raritan. The destroyer USS Basilone, 1949-1982,
was named in his honor. A section of U.S. Interstate 5 outside Camp
Pendleton is named the John Basilone Memorial Highway. Two bridges
in New Jersey bear his name, as does a high school in Raritan. A
book about Basilone was written by Jim Proser: "I'm staying
with my boys
" The Heroic Life of Sgt. John Basilone,
USMC.
John Basilone was a hero of conscience and action. His story is
almost unbelievable because of his extraordinary fearlessness. He
is an enduring inspiration to many Americans. When fellow Marines
picked up his dead body to send home, they noticed a tattoo on his
left arm: "Death Before Dishonor."
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